Karen Chou Science and Culture in the Age of Realism
1850-1870
Art: focus on the outer material world, shift from Romanticism
Visual Art: depict everyday life of ordinary people, French
Courbet- The Stonebreakers: representation of human misery, everyday life
Millet- The Gleaners: symbiotic relationship between human and nature, rural life
Authors: rejection of Romanticism, ordinary characters from actual life, French preeminent
Thackary- VanityFair A Novel without a Hero,
Dickens- lower and middle classes in industrial age, urban poor, brutalization of human life
Flaubert- Madame Bovary: offended middle-class sensibilities, book was banned, offensive to morality and religion
Music: New German School, emotional content, express literary of pictorial ideas
Liszt-Hungarian, child prodigy, introduce concept of modern piano recital, symphonic poem
Wagner-truly national opera, propagandist, music drama, Gesamtkunstwerk(total art work), Ring of the Nibelung
Science
Medical
Pasteur-germ theory of disease: microorganisms as the agents causing disease, fermentation, pasteurization: heating a product to destroy the organism causing spoilage, vaccination against rabies Lister- antiseptic principle: antiseptics to prevent disease and infections, carbolic acid, “hospital gangrene”, improve cleanliness of hospitals Blackwell- first woman in medical school and to receive a MD, Geneva College of Medicine in New York, established a clinic in NYC
Physics and Biology
Mendeleyev- periodic law: organized chemical elements
Faraday-electromagnetic induction, generator/ electric motor invention
Lamarck-first theory of evolution
Charles Darwin-theory of organic evolution 1859: populations evolve over time, H.M.S. Beagle, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, The Descent of Man: humans descended from animals, highly controversial because conflicted with religious views, made humans products of nature, natural selection: more organisms born than can survive, survival of the fittest
Comte-positive philosophy, hierarchy of sciences, mathematics is the foundation
Science and Culture in the Age of Realism
1850-1870
Art: focus on the outer material world, shift from Romanticism
- Authors: rejection of Romanticism, ordinary characters from actual life, French preeminent
- Thackary- VanityFair A Novel without a Hero,
- Dickens- lower and middle classes in industrial age, urban poor, brutalization of human life
- Flaubert- Madame Bovary: offended middle-class sensibilities, book was banned, offensive to morality and religion
- Music: New German School, emotional content, express literary of pictorial ideas
- Liszt-Hungarian, child prodigy, introduce concept of modern piano recital, symphonic poem
- Wagner-truly national opera, propagandist, music drama, Gesamtkunstwerk(total art work), Ring of the Nibelung
Science- Medical
Pasteur-germ theory of disease: microorganisms as the agents causing disease, fermentation, pasteurization: heating a product to destroy the organism causing spoilage, vaccination against rabiesLister- antiseptic principle: antiseptics to prevent disease and infections, carbolic acid, “hospital gangrene”, improve cleanliness of hospitals
Blackwell- first woman in medical school and to receive a MD, Geneva College of Medicine in New York, established a clinic in NYC