Michael Helson
"New Monarchies" came into power in the 15th and 16th centuries. How were they new, and how did their actions support their name? Ø France · Hundred Years' War: left France in sorry state · allowed centralized government to take power-much like Germany when Nazis came to power · New because control of purse and church was established under Charles VII, then creating a sound territorial state under Louis XI Ø England · Hundred Years War: Pitted House of Lancaster against House of York · War of the Roses: Lancaster defeated York and set up Tudor dynasty · Henry VII: established strong monarchical government · New because he eliminated private wars of nobility by abolishing liver and maintenance · set up Court of Star Chamber--did not use juries, allowed torture to be used to extract confessions; controlled irresponsible activity of nobles · successful in extracting income from financial resources such as the crown lands, judicial fees and fines, and customs duties · used diplomacy to avoid wars thus avoided having to call Parliament to grant funds · encouraged commercial activity by increasing wool exports, royal export taxes on wool rose Ø Spain · Isabella and Ferdinand · worked to strengthen royal control of government · New because of: · hermandades or brotherhoods organized which became new national militia- disbanded when they became obsolete/unneeded · corregidores: replaced corrupt municipal officials · made Spanish army great · controlled church · Cardinal Ximenes doctrines: hard discipline and elimination of immorality among monks and clergy · conversos: Jew and Muslim converts due to mass persecution · Charles I: grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella, inherited complete power of Spain Ø Holy Roman Empire · Habsburg dynasty · New Because: German states within HRE built up bureaucracies, standing armies, fiscal systems, and a law system, and posed a threat to the church, just like the other new monarchies · success because of well-executed policy of dynastic marriages · Frederick III · Though marriage, made Habsburgs international power, brought French hatred · Maximilian I · attempted to centralize administration by creating new institutions common to the empire through parliament but failed because of German prince opposition
"New Monarchies" came into power in the 15th and 16th centuries. How were they new, and how did their actions support their name?
Ø France
· Hundred Years' War: left France in sorry state
· allowed centralized government to take power-much like Germany when Nazis came to power
· New because control of purse and church was established under Charles VII, then creating a sound territorial state under Louis XI
Ø England
· Hundred Years War: Pitted House of Lancaster against House of York
· War of the Roses: Lancaster defeated York and set up Tudor dynasty
· Henry VII: established strong monarchical government
· New because he eliminated private wars of nobility by abolishing liver and maintenance
· set up Court of Star Chamber--did not use juries, allowed torture to be used to extract confessions; controlled irresponsible activity of nobles
· successful in extracting income from financial resources such as the crown lands, judicial fees and fines, and customs duties
· used diplomacy to avoid wars thus avoided having to call Parliament to grant funds
· encouraged commercial activity by increasing wool exports, royal export taxes on wool rose
Ø Spain
· Isabella and Ferdinand
· worked to strengthen royal control of government
· New because of:
· hermandades or brotherhoods organized which became new national militia- disbanded when they became obsolete/unneeded
· corregidores: replaced corrupt municipal officials
· made Spanish army great
· controlled church
· Cardinal Ximenes doctrines: hard discipline and elimination of immorality among monks and clergy
· conversos: Jew and Muslim converts due to mass persecution
· Charles I: grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella, inherited complete power of Spain
Ø Holy Roman Empire
· Habsburg dynasty
· New Because: German states within HRE built up bureaucracies, standing armies, fiscal systems, and a law system, and posed a threat to the church, just like the other new monarchies
· success because of well-executed policy of dynastic marriages
· Frederick III
· Though marriage, made Habsburgs international power, brought French hatred
· Maximilian I
· attempted to centralize administration by creating new institutions common to the empire through parliament but failed because of German prince opposition