New Imperialism by Saya Hayashi

Causes
  • Existence of competitive nation-states
  • Economic reasons—expand markets, steady supply of raw materials, and source of investments
  • Military and political reasons—strong navy, military bases, national security, and pride-nationalism
  • Religious goals—Rudyard Kipling-white man’s burden and spread of Christianity
  • Social Darwinism
  • Technology—new medicine, new weapons, and transportation

Imperialism in Africa
  • Britain control over Suez Canal
  • Leopold II sent Stanley to explore Congo and establish trade agreements => The International association for the Exploration and Civilization of the Congo
  • Congress of Berlin—European occupation of African territory had to be based on effective occupation recognized by other states => “Scramble for Africa”
  • Britain—Boer War

Imperialism in Asia
India
  • British East India Company
  • Sepoy Mutiny—Indian revolt by native soldiers called sepoys
  • Introduction to social reforms, education, and technology
  • Indian masses => starvation
China
  • Opium War
  • Treaty of Nanking
  • U.S.-Open Door Policy
  • Boxer Rebellion