APExamReviewP3 - Mass Culture & Leisure and Art Movements in the Interwar Period

Taylor Trosper

Mass Culture

Communication
- Marconi--wireless radio waves
- June 16, 1920--first radio broad cast for a mass audience
- Mass production of radios
- British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Movies
- Birth of a Nation, Quo Vadis
- Actors and Actoresses became stars and subject fo public adoration and scrutiny
  - Marlene Dietrich (sensuous actress) The Blue Angel--new images of women's sexuality
- used for political purposes--Hitler, loudspeaker pillars erected in streets to encourage communal radio listening
- Joseph Goebbels--propaganda minister of Nazi Germany--believed that film was a way to influencing the masses
  - The Triumph of the WIll--documentary of the 1934 Nuremburg party rally that forcefully conveyed the power of National Socialism to viewers

Mass Leisure

sporting events--soccer
- Olympics
Travel
- planes, trains, buses, private cars
- beach
Dopolavoro (Afterwork), Mussolini's Italy--national recreation agency
- established clubouses with libraries, radios, and athletic facilities in almost every town and village
- allowed state to impose new rules on previously spontaneous activities, enabling groups to be guided by the goals of the state
Kraft Durch Freude (Strength Through Joy)--Nazi version of Dopolavoro; affered variety of leisure time activities (concerts, operas, films, guided tours, sporting events)

Art--weird art because of falling morale after WWI, felt like life was purposeless

Dadaism--enshrined purposelessness of life
- Tristan Tzara
- Hannah Hoch--Cut With the Kitchen Knife

Surrealism--sought reality beyond the material, sensible world, focused on unconscious
- Dali--The Persistence of Memory

Functionalism--architecture, fulfill the purpose for which they were created
- Chicago school of the 1890s led by Louis H SUllivan--reinforced concrete, steel frames, and electric elevators to build skyscrapers free of external ornamentation
- Bauhaus in Weimar Germany--Walter Gropius
- Frank Lloyd Wright