Enlightenment by Jackie Tse Enlightenment i. Isaac Newton a. published Princapia i. a combination of Kepler’s law of planetary motion, Galileo's law of Inertia and falling bodies, and Newton’s own conception of gravitation force
b. concepts dominated Western thought until Albert Einstein ii. Path to Enlightenment a. scientific ideas influenced the Enlightenment ideas. i. Newton’s Princapia iii. What is Enlightenment a. a group of witters who formed a grand “republic of letters” b. dedicated in exposing social problems and proposing reforms iv. key ideas a. reason-- humans sold rely on reason, not miracles. to improve society b. Nature & natural laws-- believed that natural laws regulated both the universe and human society. v. Deism a. God created the world, but it is like a machine & God just lets it run vi. People a. Voltaire i. “Crush the infamous thing” -- he told his readers to battle against ignorance and religious fanaticism ii. though of Deism b. Diderot i. wrote the Encyclopedia a. a book of enlightenment theology b. helped spread enlightened thinking across Europe and North America c. Montesquieu i. wrote The Spirit of the Law a. his attempt to create a “social science” by applying methods of natural science to government d. Hume i. called a “pioneering social scientist” ii. Wrote Treaties on Human Nature subtitle “ An Attempt to introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects” a. argued that observation & reflection in common sense made “science of man” b. examination & experience lead to human nature e. Smith i. viewed as founder of modern discipline of economies ii. the most influential advocate on laissez-faire, presented a strong attack on mercantilism iii. wrote The Wealth of Nations a. government-- government must not interfere with free auction of the market; should limit their role to defend b. free market-- tariffs got in the way, should be abolished c. self interest/ “invisible hand” -- every person is motivated by self interest f. d’Holbach i. wrote System of Nature a. argued that everything i the universe consisted of matte in motion b. Humans ere machines c. God was a product of the human life d. people needed reason to live g, Rousseau i Wrote Emile a. Children are naturally good. the should be free and happy. b. people developed through various stages, therefor eduction must be individual c. Children should be encouraged to draw conclusions on their own ii. Wrote Social Contract a. tried to harmonize individual liberty with governmental authority b. an agreement on the part of an entire society to be govern by general will.
Enlightenment
i. Isaac Newton
a. published Princapia
i. a combination of Kepler’s law of planetary motion, Galileo's law of Inertia and falling bodies, and Newton’s own conception of gravitation force
b. concepts dominated Western thought until Albert Einstein
ii. Path to Enlightenment
a. scientific ideas influenced the Enlightenment ideas.
i. Newton’s Princapia
iii. What is Enlightenment
a. a group of witters who formed a grand “republic of letters”
b. dedicated in exposing social problems and proposing reforms
iv. key ideas
a. reason-- humans sold rely on reason, not miracles. to improve society
b. Nature & natural laws-- believed that natural laws regulated both the universe and human society.
v. Deism
a. God created the world, but it is like a machine & God just lets it run
vi. People
a. Voltaire
i. “Crush the infamous thing” -- he told his readers to battle against ignorance and religious fanaticism
ii. though of Deism
b. Diderot
i. wrote the Encyclopedia
a. a book of enlightenment theology
b. helped spread enlightened thinking across Europe and North America
c. Montesquieu
i. wrote The Spirit of the Law
a. his attempt to create a “social science” by applying methods of natural science to government
d. Hume
i. called a “pioneering social scientist”
ii. Wrote Treaties on Human Nature subtitle “ An Attempt to introduce the Experimental Method of Reasoning into Moral Subjects”
a. argued that observation & reflection in common sense made “science of man”
b. examination & experience lead to human nature
e. Smith
i. viewed as founder of modern discipline of economies
ii. the most influential advocate on laissez-faire, presented a strong attack on mercantilism
iii. wrote The Wealth of Nations
a. government-- government must not interfere with free auction of the market; should limit their role to defend
b. free market-- tariffs got in the way, should be abolished
c. self interest/ “invisible hand” -- every person is motivated by self interest
f. d’Holbach
i. wrote System of Nature
a. argued that everything i the universe consisted of matte in motion
b. Humans ere machines
c. God was a product of the human life
d. people needed reason to live
g, Rousseau
i Wrote Emile
a. Children are naturally good. the should be free and happy.
b. people developed through various stages, therefor eduction must be individual
c. Children should be encouraged to draw conclusions on their own
ii. Wrote Social Contract
a. tried to harmonize individual liberty with governmental authority
b. an agreement on the part of an entire society to be govern by general will.
"SparkNotes: The Enlightenment (1650-1800): Key People & Terms." SparkNotes: Today's Most Popular Study Guides. Web. 25 Apr. 2011. <http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/enlightenment/terms.html>.