English Civil War & The Glorious Revolution

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English Civil War & Glorious Revolution

This is basically the entire history of the Stuart Dynasty. If you just want to know about the actual Civil War and Glorious Revolution, scroll down a little bit and read the bolded sections :)

Pre-War/End of Tudor Dynasty
  • Tudor dynasty becomes extinct with death of Elizabeth I
  • The Stuart family takes over the throne
  • King James VI of Scotland becomes King James I in England (son of Mary, Queen of Scots)
James I
  • believer of divine right of kings (absolutism)
  • alienated parliament who was used to a "balance policy" of the monarch and parliament ruling together
  • parliement refuses to give James more money
  • Puritans demand elimination of episcopal system but king refuses
Charles I (James I's son)
  • Petition of Right (1628) - prohibited taxes without Parliament consent
  • accepts at first and then ignores due to limits on royal power
  • (1629-1640) Charles's "personal rule" - no involvement of parliament
  • Ship Money - tax for coastal defense collected without parliament's consent
  • marriage to Henrietta Maria (French Catholic) arouses suspicion of return of Catholicism
  • Due to revolts in the Scottish Presbyterian church, king is forced to call parliament after 11 years
First Phase of Civil War (1642-1646)
  • Parliament succesful due to New Model Army (Cromwell)
  • New Model Army - composed of Independents who fought for the Lord
  • Capture of Charles I (1646)
Second Phase of Civil War (1647-1649)
  • Presbyterians want to disband army and restore Charles I as king; Independents oppose and try to negotiate with king (1647)
  • Charles tries to escape, starting the second phase of civil war (1648). Victory for Cromwell
  • January 30, 1649 - Charles I beheaded
Oliver Cromwell
  • England declared a Commonwealth (republic)
  • faced uprisings in Ireland, Scotland, and homeland
  • parliament finally dismissed on April 1653
  • Cromwell becomes Lord Protector and new government is created
  • used force to control the army and revolts
  • died in 1658
Restoration of the Monarchy: Charles II
  • parliament meets in 1661 and establishes the Anglican church as official church of England
  • parliament suspicious of Charles who is inclined to Catholicism and his brother James who is boldly Catholic
  • Test Act (1673) - only Anglicans can hold civil and military offices
  • Whigs - want to establish protestant king
  • Tories - support king although they do not like him
  • Died in 1681
James II & The Glorious Revolution
  • devout Catholic who tries to bring Catholicism to England
  • Declaration of Indulgence (1687) - suspends all laws prohibiting Catholics from holding office
  • the birth of James's son through his Catholic second wife (1688)
  • English noblemen invite William of Orange and Mary (James's daughter)
  • "Bloodless Revolution"
Results and Settlement
  • Revolution Settlement - confirmed William and Mary as monarchs of England
  • declaration of William and Mary as ruler (1689) and they accept the Bill of Rights
  • Bill of Rights (1689) - rights of parliament to make laws and levy taxes