Crusading mentality strong with: Portugal and Spain
Portugal: seeking access to spice trade by sailing eastward (Indian Ocean)
Spain: seeking to reach same destination by sailing westward (Atlantic Ocean)
Treaty of Tordesillas - divided up newly discovered world into separate Portuguese and Spanish spheres of influence
Portugal - route east around Cape of Good Hope
Spain - route across the Atlantic
Spanish encomienda - system that permitted the conquering Spaniards to collect tribute from natives and use them as laborers and supposed to protect Indians, pay them wages, and supervise their spiritual needs
Spanish settlers ignored government and brutally used Indians for own economic interest
Spanish haciendas - plantations to exploit agricultural and mineral riches of the land
New diseases to Indians: smallpox, measles, typhus
Portugal...
Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal
lead in exploring coast of Africa
to create Christian kingdom and establish trade opportunities
Vasco da Gama
rounded the Cape of Good Hope
crossed the Arabian Sea and reached port of Calicut (southwestern coast of India)
search of "Christians and spices"
Pedro Cabral
accidentally discovered continent of South America
Bartholomew Dias
sailed around Cape of Good Hope (tip of Africa)
Spain...
Christopher Columbus
felt Asia could be reached by sailing west instead of around Africa
supported by Queen Isabella of Spain
reached Bahamas... believed that he reached Asia (until death)
assured Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand that he'll eventually find gold and convert natives to Christianity
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
led expedition across Isthmus of Panama and reached Pacific Ocean
Ferdinand Magellan
passed through straits at southern tip of South America
sailed across pacific Ocean
reached Philippines
first known circumnavigation of the earth
Spanish Empire in New World...
Henry Cortes
landed at Veracruz (Gulf of Mexico)
marched into city of Tenochtitlan & recieved friendly welcom
began to pillage city... Axtec Empire was gone
Francisco Pizarro
landed on Pacific coast of South America
had weapons, gunpowder, horses
established new capital at Lima for new colony of Spanish Empire
England...
John Cabot
explored New England coastline of Americas
Sources:
Spielvogel, Jackson J.. Western Civilization. Belmont: Wadsworth/Thomason Learning, 2000. Print.
Pearl, Kenneth.. AP European History Exam. New York: Random House, Inc., 2011. Print.
Crusading mentality strong with: Portugal and Spain
Portugal: seeking access to spice trade by sailing eastward (Indian Ocean)
Spain: seeking to reach same destination by sailing westward (Atlantic Ocean)
Treaty of Tordesillas - divided up newly discovered world into separate Portuguese and Spanish spheres of influence
Spanish encomienda - system that permitted the conquering Spaniards to collect tribute from natives and use them as laborers and supposed to protect Indians, pay them wages, and supervise their spiritual needs
Spanish haciendas - plantations to exploit agricultural and mineral riches of the land
New diseases to Indians: smallpox, measles, typhus
Portugal...
- Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal
- lead in exploring coast of Africa
- to create Christian kingdom and establish trade opportunities
- Vasco da Gama
- rounded the Cape of Good Hope
- crossed the Arabian Sea and reached port of Calicut (southwestern coast of India)
- search of "Christians and spices"
- Pedro Cabral
- accidentally discovered continent of South America
- Bartholomew Dias
- sailed around Cape of Good Hope (tip of Africa)
Spain...- Christopher Columbus
- felt Asia could be reached by sailing west instead of around Africa
- supported by Queen Isabella of Spain
- reached Bahamas... believed that he reached Asia (until death)
- assured Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand that he'll eventually find gold and convert natives to Christianity
- Vasco Nunez de Balboa
- led expedition across Isthmus of Panama and reached Pacific Ocean
- Ferdinand Magellan
- passed through straits at southern tip of South America
- sailed across pacific Ocean
- reached Philippines
- first known circumnavigation of the earth
Spanish Empire in New World...- Henry Cortes
- landed at Veracruz (Gulf of Mexico)
- marched into city of Tenochtitlan & recieved friendly welcom
- began to pillage city... Axtec Empire was gone
- Francisco Pizarro
- landed on Pacific coast of South America
- had weapons, gunpowder, horses
- established new capital at Lima for new colony of Spanish Empire
England...Sources:
Spielvogel, Jackson J.. Western Civilization. Belmont: Wadsworth/Thomason Learning, 2000. Print.
Pearl, Kenneth.. AP European History Exam. New York: Random House, Inc., 2011. Print.
Briney, Amanda.. "Age of Exploration." n.p.,5 May. 2010. Web. 24 April. 2011. http://geography.about.com/od/historyofgeography/a/ageexploration.htm