Luther+&+Calvin

The Reformation by Jackie Tse  The Reformations ==1. Lutheranism : == a. Martin Luther  i. very religious, but did not find that fit the medieval church ii. originally studied law, but he was not content, so he visited home. a. he was stuck in a thunderstorm and vowed he would be a monk iii. he was questioned the reason for sacraments a. sacraments:  Catholics main reason of receiving God’s grace iv. he journey to fine the true meaning-- found it in “justice of God”  a. appeared to Luther that the church wanted people to work towards salvation.  b. earned salvation through “the grace of God” <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">v. demanded people to stop collecting paper (sacraments) <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. created the Ninety-Five These <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">b. Luther attacked the sacrament system. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">vi. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Edict of Worms <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. made Luther an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">b. Ninety- Five These <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">i. Luther nailed his Theses to the door of the Castle church in Wittenberg <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> ii. the printing press helped spread his Theses

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">c. Luther’s Key Ideas: <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">i. Humans do nothing to merit grace; it is purely God’s decision. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">ii. Salvation is achieved by faith alone <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> iii. The Bible is the only valid authority for Christians

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">d. The Peasants Revolt <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">i. peasants were dissatisfied with their living conditions. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. peasants were abused and were charged with higher taxes <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> ii. peasants looked to Luther <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. Luther refused to help the Peasants <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> i. Shown in his pamphlet <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> b. He did not believe in social revolution

<span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">e. Peace of Augsburg <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">i. after the religious civil war, this peace gave the German prince to determine his own religious beliefs. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> 2. Calvinism <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">a. John Calvin <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">i. Similar to Luther, but they differed in their theology <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. Luther: believed that the church should be lower than the sate <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> b. Calvin: stressed that the church had a duty to Christianize the state <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">i. Published the Institutes <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> of the Christian Religion <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. a masterful Protestant thought <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> iii. Calvin thought that God was perfect, just, and omnipotent; humans were corrupt and in just. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> iv. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">predestination <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">: God is all knowing and had already planned out your life. <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 9pt; font-style: normal; font-weight: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;"> a. those who gain salvation is already determined.