Discovery+and+Expansion+of+New+World

Dawon Lee

Crusading mentality strong with: Portugal and Spain Portugal: seeking access to spice trade by sailing eastward (Indian Ocean) Spain: seeking to reach same destination by sailing westward (Atlantic Ocean)

//Treaty of Tordesillas// - divided up newly discovered world into separate Portuguese and Spanish spheres of influence
 * Portugal - route east around Cape of Good Hope
 * Spain - route across the Atlantic

Spanish //encomienda// - system that permitted the conquering Spaniards to collect tribute from natives and use them as laborers and supposed to protect Indians, pay them wages, and supervise their spiritual needs
 * Spanish settlers ignored government and brutally used Indians for own economic interest

Spanish //haciendas// - plantations to exploit agricultural and mineral riches of the land

New diseases to Indians: smallpox, measles, typhus


 * Portugal...**
 * Prince Henry the Navigator of Portugal
 * lead in exploring coast of Africa
 * to create Christian kingdom and establish trade opportunities
 * Vasco da Gama
 * rounded the Cape of Good Hope
 * crossed the Arabian Sea and reached port of Calicut (southwestern coast of India)
 * search of "Christians and spices"
 * Pedro Cabral
 * accidentally discovered continent of South America
 * Bartholomew Dias
 * sailed around Cape of Good Hope (tip of Africa)
 * Spain...**
 * Christopher Columbus
 * felt Asia could be reached by sailing west instead of around Africa
 * supported by Queen Isabella of Spain
 * reached Bahamas... believed that he reached Asia (until death)
 * assured Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand that he'll eventually find gold and convert natives to Christianity
 * Vasco Nunez de Balboa
 * led expedition across Isthmus of Panama and reached Pacific Ocean
 * Ferdinand Magellan
 * passed through straits at southern tip of South America
 * sailed across pacific Ocean
 * reached Philippines
 * first known circumnavigation of the earth
 * Spanish Empire in New World...**
 * Henry Cortes
 * landed at Veracruz (Gulf of Mexico)
 * marched into city of Tenochtitlan & recieved friendly welcom
 * began to pillage city... Axtec Empire was gone
 * Francisco Pizarro
 * landed on Pacific coast of South America
 * had weapons, gunpowder, horses
 * established new capital at Lima for new colony of Spanish Empire
 * England...**
 * John Cabot
 * explored New England coastline of Americas

Sources: Spielvogel, Jackson J.. //Western Civilization//. Belmont: Wadsworth/Thomason Learning, 2000. Print.

Pearl, Kenneth.. //AP European History Exam//. New York: Random House, Inc., 2011. Print.

Briney, Amanda.. "//Age of Exploration."// n.p.,5 May. 2010. Web. 24 April. 2011. []