English+Civil+War+&+The+Glorious+Revolution

English Civil War & Glorious Revolution

This is basically the entire history of the Stuart Dynasty. If you just want to know about the actual Civil War and Glorious Revolution, scroll down a little bit and read the bolded sections :)

Pre-War/End of Tudor Dynasty James I Charles I (James I's son)
 * Tudor dynasty becomes extinct with death of Elizabeth I
 * The Stuart family takes over the throne
 * King James VI of Scotland becomes King James I in England (son of Mary, Queen of Scots)
 * believer of divine right of kings (absolutism)
 * alienated parliament who was used to a "balance policy" of the monarch and parliament ruling together
 * parliement refuses to give James more money
 * Puritans demand elimination of episcopal system but king refuses
 * Petition of Right (1628) - prohibited taxes without Parliament consent
 * accepts at first and then ignores due to limits on royal power
 * (1629-1640) Charles's "personal rule" - no involvement of parliament
 * Ship Money - tax for coastal defense collected without parliament's consent
 * marriage to Henrietta Maria (French Catholic) arouses suspicion of return of Catholicism
 * Due to revolts in the Scottish Presbyterian church, king is forced to call parliament after 11 years

__**First Phase of Civil War**__ (1642-1646)

 * Parliament succesful due to New Model Army (Cromwell)
 * New Model Army - composed of Independents who fought for the Lord
 * Capture of Charles I (1646)

__**Second Phase of Civil War**__ (1647-1649)
Oliver Cromwell Restoration of the Monarchy: Charles II
 * Presbyterians want to disband army and restore Charles I as king; Independents oppose and try to negotiate with king (1647)
 * Charles tries to escape, starting the second phase of civil war (1648). Victory for Cromwell
 * January 30, 1649 - Charles I beheaded
 * England declared a Commonwealth (republic)
 * faced uprisings in Ireland, Scotland, and homeland
 * parliament finally dismissed on April 1653
 * Cromwell becomes Lord Protector and new government is created
 * used force to control the army and revolts
 * died in 1658
 * parliament meets in 1661 and establishes the Anglican church as official church of England
 * parliament suspicious of Charles who is inclined to Catholicism and his brother James who is boldly Catholic
 * Test Act (1673) - only Anglicans can hold civil and military offices
 * Whigs - want to establish protestant king
 * Tories - support king although they do not like him
 * Died in 1681

James II & __**The Glorious Revolution**__
Results and Settlement
 * devout Catholic who tries to bring Catholicism to England
 * Declaration of Indulgence (1687) - suspends all laws prohibiting Catholics from holding office
 * the birth of James's son through his Catholic second wife (1688)
 * English noblemen invite William of Orange and Mary (James's daughter)
 * "Bloodless Revolution"
 * Revolution Settlement - confirmed William and Mary as monarchs of England
 * declaration of William and Mary as ruler (1689) and they accept the Bill of Rights
 * Bill of Rights (1689) - rights of parliament to make laws and levy taxes