Astronomy+during+Scientific+Revolution

Desi Oktaviani

Astronomy during the Scientific Revolution

**Thesis:** During the Scientific Revolution astronomy became a vital subject, many astronomers such as Ptolemy developed new theories of where the universe stood and other astronomers who did not believe in these concepts were able to prove them wrong by usage of the telescope by Galileo. v Ptolemy Ø Geocentric Conception ¨ Universe was seen as a series of concentric spheres ¨ Earth was motionless and was the center ¨ Earth thought to be imperfect and transformed continuously Ø Empyrean Heaven ¨ Location of God and all saved souls v Copernicus Ø Doctorate in canon law, canon of a cathedral, focused on math and astronomy Ø // On The Revolutions of The Heavenly Sphere // § Heliocentric theory ¨ Sun-Centered conception ¨ Universe had 8 spheres ¨ Sun was motionless at the center instead of the earth ¨ <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">The earth and planets revolved in circular orbits v <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Brahe Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Danish astronomer Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Theory § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;"> The sun and planets revolved around the Earth § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Other planets revolved around the sun Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Built an observatory near Copenhagen v <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Kepler Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Music of the spheres Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">3 Laws of planetary motion § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Planets orbit is an ellipse with the sun at focus § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Speed of a planet is greater when closer to the sun § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Average distance of the planet from the sun and time to complete one revolution around the sun v <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Galileo Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Italian astronomer, mathematician and psychiatrist Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Constructed 1st complete astronomical telescope Ø // __<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Starry Messenger __ // § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Europeans were aware of new picture of the universe, supporter of Copernicus’ heliocentric system, Roman Inquisition wanted Galileo to reject Copernicus’ thesis Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Inertia § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Tendency of matter to remain at rest and continue to move at fixed directions Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Discoveries § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Moon with a reflected light § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Uneven mountainous surface § <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Milky way was made up of numerous stars v <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Newton Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Invented calculus; calculates rate of change Ø <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Discovered law of universal gravitation <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"> Ø <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">White light is composed of all the colors of the spectrum <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"> Ø <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">President of royal society <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"> Ø <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mechanistic universe <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"> § <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">God is still apart of earth <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; page-break-after: avoid; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"> Ø //__<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Principia: __//<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; page-break-after: avoid; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"> § <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Mathematical proofs for his Universal Law of Gravitation <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"> Ø <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Universal law of gravity- <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .75in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level3 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"> § <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Every body in the universe attracts every other body in precise mathematical relationship, <span style="line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level2 lfo1; mso-pagination: none; punctuation-wrap: simple; text-autospace: none; text-indent: -.25in;"> Ø <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Sun, moon ,earth, planets and all other bodies moved in accordance with the same basic force of gravitation <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt;">