Scientific+Revolution2

Krystal Leong

SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION

__Astronomy__ - //On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres//- contradicted Ptolemaic universe, heliocentric universe of 8 spheres, motionless sun at center, planets revolved around sun, moon revolved around Earth, daily rotation of Earth around sun - Created uncertainty about human role in universe · Brahe - Compromised between Copernicus and Ptolemy, sun and planets revolve around Earth while other planets revolve around sun · Kepler - Interest in Hermetic thought and Neoplatonic magic - Universe constructed on basis of geometric figures, confirmed heliocentric universe, three laws of planetary motion · Galileo - First to make observations by telescope - //The Starry Messenger//- described discoveries of craters on the moon, Jupiter’s moons, phases of Venus, and sunspots - //Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems: Ptolemaic and Copernican//- defense of Copernican system · Newton - Invented calculus, investigated composition of light, laws of universal gravitation - //Principia//- mathematical proofs of universal law of gravitation, elaborated 3 laws of motion, 3 laws govern planetary bodies and terrestrial objects - Law of gravitation- every object is attracted to every other object with a force that is inversely proportional to the square distances between them
 * Copernicus

__Medicine__ · Galen - Dissected goats, Four Humors were blood, yellow bile, phlegm, and black bile · Paracelsus - “like cures like”- poison that causes a disease would be its cure if used in proper form and quantity · Vesalius - //On the Fabric of the Human Body//- accurate descriptions of human anatomy from dissections · Harvey - //On the Motion of the Heart and Blood//, the heart was the beginning point of circulation

__Women in Science__ Cavendish - Critical of belief that humans would be masters of nature through science · Merian - Studied plants and insects, detailed paintings of caterpillars · Winkelmann - Female astronomer, assistant at astronomical observatory operated in Berlin by Academy of Science, discovered the comet

__Views of Humankind__ · Descartes - Deduced principals of existence of God and separation of mind and matter - //Discourse on Method//- accepted his own existence - Cartesian Dualism-absolute dualism between mind and body · Bacon - Scientific Method- inductive principles, correct generalizations could be developed through organized experiments and systematic observations · Spinoza - Jewish philosopher, opposed Descartes’ Cartesian dualism, said one could rationally explain human emotion · Pascal - Faith takes man further than reason alone