Age+of+Realism

Lisa Hyndman


 * Science -**
 * Michael Faraday:
 * discoveries in electromagnetic induction and electrolysis
 * invention of the electric motor
 * Charles Darwin:
 * Traveled on the HMS Beagle to the Galapagos Islands on a Science Expedition around the world
 * On the Origin of Species by the means of Natural Selection -
 * More organisms are born than can survive = competition
 * Theory of Evolution - organisms evolve slowly over time from simpler forms of life through means of //Natural Selection//
 * Theory of Natural Selection - //survival of the fittest,// only the organisms exhibiting favorable characteristics for their environment can survive
 * Variants - different, or a variety of characteristics within a species.
 * Descent of Man - humans descented from animals
 * conflicted with the religious view that God created humans, many people opposed his theories.
 * Auguste Comte:
 * Positive philsophy - positism, //positive knowledge//
 * Mathematics is the foundation for all sciences, heirarchy of sciences


 * Health Care -**
 * Pasteur:
 * creator of the first vaccines (rabies)
 * described the scientific basis of fermentation
 * The germ theory - Pasteurization - heating a product to destroy bacteria and germs to prevent spoiling.
 * Dimitri Mendeleyev:
 * formulated the Periodic law - organized the chemical elements based on their atomic weights and predicted the existence of other elements.
 * Joseph Lister:
 * studied the natural inflammation of post-operative injuries/infections
 * Carbolic acid - used as a disinfectant to prevent infection
 * improved cleanliness of hospitals dramatically
 * Antiseptic principle - advocates the use of antiseptics to prevent disease and infection in hospitals
 * Elizabeth Blackwell:
 * first woman to graduate from medical school and receive an MD


 * Literature -**
 * Gustave Flaubert:
 * //Madame Bovary// - a woman trapped in an unhappy marraige, commits adultery, and in the end commits suicide
 * condemned as offensive to morality and religion and the book was banned
 * William Thackeray:
 * Vanity Fair - "A Novel without a Hero"
 * Charles Dickens:
 * known for describing the conditions of the unfortunate, lower classes


 * Art -**
 * Gustave Coubert:
 * painted scenes from lower class in their natural, everday life.
 * //The Stonebreakers//
 * [[image:http://www.public.asu.edu/~jacquies/Courbet8.jpg width="321" height="186"]]
 * Jean Millet:
 * //The Gleaners -// rural life
 * [[image:http://flandrumhill.files.wordpress.com/2011/04/thegleaners-1857.jpg?w=445&h=300 width="324" height="254"]]

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