Philip+II+of+Spain+and+Loius+XIV

Maria Ota

Philip II of Spain (1556-1598) built the Escorial and Louis XIV of France (1643-1715) built Versailles. Starting with the pictures of these palaces, analyze the similarities and differences in the conception and practice of monarchy of these two kings.
 * Prompt:**

**ESCORIAL**



**VERSAILLES**



**Thesis:** The two monarchs, Philip II of Spain and Louis XIV of France, varied on their concepts of ruling because Louis XIV loved drove France into a financial crisis with war while Philip II mainly focoused on Catholicizing natives and England.

**Philip II of Spain** **Louis XIV of France (Sun King)** __**~Wars of Louis XIV**__ Sources: [] []
 * Catholic, had Vatican support
 * Palace of Escorial
 * reflects gold wealth from New World
 * refused to delegate tasks (overworked himself)
 * Jesuits:
 * sent to new world to Christianize Natives
 * Battle of Lepanto:
 * Spain was led by Holy League, victory over Turkish (Muslim) fleet
 * Conquistadors:
 * conqurered and converted natives to Christianity
 * Inquisition
 * used to (Natives) validate Catholicism of Christians
 * married to Queen Mary (Tudor)
 * marraige was an effort to re-Catholicize England
 * Treaty of Tordesillas
 * split world into Portugese and Spanish trading territories
 * had rule over the 10 Southern Provinces in Netherlands, all Catholic and loyal to Philip II
 * Duke of Alva
 * Philip II sent Duke of Alva with 10,000 Spanish troops to crush rebels (Northern Provinces)
 * Council of Troubles/(Blood)-reign of terror
 * Armada
 * failed attempt to invade/Catholicize England
 * loved war
 * Palace of Versailles
 * Voltaire wrote- __Age of Louis XIV__
 * believed in theory of absolute monarchy and conciously fostered the myth of himself "sun king" (source of all light for his people)
 * removed high nobles and royal princes from Royal Council, kept them preoccupied with courtlife and away from politics
 * relied on ministers =gave Louis control over the traditional areas of monarchial power
 * Francious Michel Le Tellier (secretary state of war)
 * Hugues de Lionne (secretary for freign affairs)
 * Jean Baptiste Colbert (treasurer)
 * Quartering of Soldiers
 * wanted to converse Protestants to Catholics in Catholic France
 * Edict of Fountaineblau
 * destruction of Huguenots churches and closing of schools
 * financial issues (wars, Verailles, maintaining court)
 * War of Devolution (1667-1668)
 * invade Spanish Netherlands & Franche-Comte
 * Triple Alliance (Dutch, England, Swedes) forced Louis for peace
 * Dutch War (1672-1678)
 * Louis never forgave Triple Alliance and invaded United Provinces
 * Peace at Nimwegen (1678): Louis recieved Franche-Comte=more appetite for more land
 * League of Ausburg formed (Spain, HRE, United Provinces, Sweden, and England)
 * War of League of Ausburg (1689-1697)
 * lasted 8 years=economic depression and famine to France
 * Treaty of Ryswick: ended war, Louis gave up most conquests and gains weren't worth the struggle/misery it caused France
 * War of Spanish Sccession (1702-1713)
 * Fear of France and Spain may combine due to succession of the Spanish throne
 * Peace of Utrecht (1713) and Rastatt (1714): ensured France and Spain remained separate